Too High to Handle : Why Weed May Cause Anxiety and How to Avoid It
When most people think of cannabis, they imagine a hazy living room or a beautiful field with chill music and a cheery vibe. But for many, the thought of smoking cannabis evokes stress, paranoia or even fear. What’s with the dichotomy?
For many people, smoking weed evokes feelings of bliss, relaxation and serenity. But for many, cannabis has a terrifying effect that might feel more like a psychological thriller than a comedy movie. The fun, hazy feeling quickly pivots into racing thoughts, dissociation, increased heart rate, and anxiety.
Many have found they loved smoking their bong when they were in college, but now find cannabis sends them into a panic. Even a tiny hit of a joint might send them over the edge.
If you feel this way when smoking cannabis, just know you are not alone. It's more common than you might think, especially because THC percentage has skyrocketed in the last twenty years. So, why does it happen? And what do we do if it happens to us?
Why Does Weed Make People Anxious?
Cannabis functions in the brain through the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is a complex cell-signaling network that aids in regulating mood, memory, appetite, pain responses and more. The ECS has two main receptors:
CB1 Receptors are densely concentrated in the brain, including areas like the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and the amygdala.
CB2 Receptors are found in the immune system and peripheral tissues.
The amygdala is a brain region that’s involved in processing emotions like stress, fear and anxiety. Since the amygdala has a high concentration of CB1 receptors, it is particularly sensitive to THC.
For many, anxiety is dampened when they smoke weed and they feel more relaxed. But some people, especially when consumed at high doses or among people who are predisposed to anxiety, can easily trigger paranoia and anxiety attacks. These symptoms happen when our dopamine and serotonin receptors are overstimulated, causing our brain to sabotage us. This can vary from person to person, as everyone’s brain chemistry is different.
What Is Greening Out?
Greening Out is a bit different than simply getting anxiety and the jitters when you’re high. It is a term that isn’t scientific and is used to reference illness from weed like when people “black out” from alcohol. It is unique because it evokes physical illness. It can include anything from lightheadedness and nausea to vomiting, sweating and shaking.
This terrible side effect typically occurs when you ingest too much cannabis and your endocannabinoid system is overstimulated, so the root cause is very similar to what causes the mental distress.
THC also is a vasodilator, meaning it widens your blood vessels and may contribute to a drop in blood pressure. The result is a woozy, lightheaded and dizzy effect. THC can also reduce blood sugar, so if you haven’t eaten, it can absolutely contribute to the feeling of faintness. Cannabis can also influence your vestibular system, which is responsible for your inner ear and balance. This is why you might feel dizzy and uncoordinated, which leads to queasiness.
Unfortunately, a Green Out is usually accompanied by symptoms of anxiety along with physical illness.If you have overconsumed and gotten this result, just know that most stoners have experienced it too. It is not a good thing, but it does come as a reminder to be careful with your consumption and monitor your use. If you are a heavy consumer, a Green Out can mean it is time to cut back on your use or take a tolerance break to reset your system. Make sure to rehydrate and treat your body with care afterwards.
Who’s Most at Risk for Cannabis Induced Anxiety and Paranoia?
Frankly, anyone can be negatively affected by the high induced by cannabis. There are countless reasons why it could make you feel uncomfortable, but here’s are some archetypes we see it happen to most often.
First-time or infrequent users.
Those who are new to cannabis or are very occasional users normally don’t have a high tolerance for THC. The effects can be much more impactful, and their brain chemistry isn’t as adapted to cannabis like a seasoned user. Those who are nudging into cannabis culture might waltz into a dispensary and walk out with a popular, impactful strain that is not suited for a first time user. If you are new to cannabis and curious, make sure you let your budtender know that! There is nothing embarrassing about trying new things, and our staff is always thrilled to show people the joys of THC with mindfulness.
People with anxiety, panic disorder, or trauma history
As we stated earlier, the amygdala is responsible for processing emotions like fear, stress and paranoia. It is often called the emotional command center of the brain. Since CB1 receptors are dense in the amygdala, it can get overstimulated and lead to increased paranoia and anxiety. THC can blur the line between a real threat and a perceived one, especially if emotions are already running high.
People with a history of chronic stress, PTSD, anxiety disorders and other mental health conditions should be very mindful about consuming cannabis. Among these groups of people, the amygdala can be hyperactive or sensitized. The amygdala is responsible for detecting threats and regulating fear responses.
This means emotional responses are stronger and faster and there may be amplified suppressed memories. In small amounts, the amygdala can actually be more relaxed and our fear levels decrease. But for many, it actually makes your brain tell you there’s a threat that you should be in fear of. That’s most likely why you feel so panicked and nervous. It’s important to understand your brain chemistry to a degree before you dive into the world of THC.
Users who combine weed with alcohol or other substances.
Although many people do it, we do not recommend mixing cannabis with alcohol. Getting “crossfaded” or “twisted” as it is commonly referred to has the potential to make you very disoriented. The substances together throw off your equilibrium, increase nausea, impair your vision, induce slowed reflexes, and contribute to slowed or heavy breathing. Among these symptoms is also increased anxiety and paranoia.
Use cannabis with caution if you are on any psychiatric medication. Some medications may amplify or pivot the effects of the cannabis you’re smoking, so it is always best to speak with your doctor. Although our budtenders are a great resource for help, it is best to take advice about this from a trusted medical professional.
How to Avoid Paranoia When You Smoke
Maybe you’ve had bad experiences with cannabis before, but you remain dedicated to having some of the positive effects. Here are some tips for how it could benefit you, and how you can avoid all the negative side effects.
Choose lower THC, balanced THC:CBD ratios.
Most people rush to find what tests the highest in THC, but that method works for a handful of people, definitely not everyone. Try to locate a product low in THC or with a decent percentage of CBD or CBG. These will help balance and level out the effects of THC, having a mitigating and calming effect. Both of these cannabinoids have effects that can counteract anxiety and leave you with a more blissful, happy high without impeding doom looming over your head.
CBD modulates the effects of THC in the CB1 receptor, which reduces the fear stimuli in the amygdala. It also has pain relieving and calming qualities, which are always a plus!
CBG has a weaker bind the the CB1 and CB2 receptors, but has been known to reduce stress in studies. CBG is unique, as it doesn’t have the same relaxing effects as CBD. The effects are more clearheaded, making CBG a great friend if you want a bright, productive high without all the paranoia.
Our budtenders are always happy to show you the labels on our products so you can access the cannabinoid content. Look for higher amounts of CBDA and CBGA (the A stands for acid, which turns into CBD and CBG when the cannabis is lit). Edibles are easy to shop for in this regard, as the packaging will usually say the content right on the front. At Starbird, we carry a multitude of products that are low THC, high CBG and high CBD. We even carry a whole line of products that is strictly no THC, so you can get wonderful results without even getting high.
Look at the terpene profile
Many believe that the effects of cannabis rely mostly on Indica and Sativa, but that’s only the tip of the iceberg. The aromatic compounds in cannabis contribute significantly to the effects, as they work with THC and other cannabinoids in a synthesis known as the entourage effect.
Terpenes such as linalool and myrcene have naturally relaxing effects and can contribute to more tranquil highs rather than high energy, vitalizing buzzes. Usually, weed that smells and tastes herbal and earthy has more calm and tranquil effects than the zesty, pinesol-like tang of energizing Sativa. The effects of Indica strains are normally relaxing, chill or even sedative.
Many find that Sativa gives them anxiety, which makes it easy to avoid them. Not every Sativa is genetically the same and the effects vary greatly. There is no guarantee that something Indica will not give you anxiety, or that something Sativa will. However, Sativa can produce an anxious effect because most of them have higher concentrations of Limonene, Ocimene, Terpinolene and Pinene. These terpenes are energizing and focusing, which often has an overwhelming effect for those looking for something more down to earth.
Just remember the effects of cannabis are not strictly aligned with Indica and Sativa, and it's vital to consider strain genetics, cannabinoid content and terpene profile all together to understand the nature of that strain. Ask your budtender what the profile is, and if they testing is higher on the energizing ones than the calming terpenes, it might be good to skip that one.
Start low and go slow
Instead of packing a bong rip, start with a tiny hit. If you are vaping, try just a tiny draw instead of inhaling deeply. Both of these hit quickly, so it's easy to gauge how high you’re getting.
Edibles take awhile to hit,and you don’t often notice until you are actually really high. Make sure to dose one at a time. Some people don’t feel effects for 2+ hours, and that is completely normal!
If you want a more predictable approach, there are plenty of fast acting options that are easier to gauge. The best option for someone who wants to try edibles is a drink. Massachusetts recreational cannabis drinks are 5mg in a whole beverage. They have rapid onset effects, so you can slowly sip them and feel the high in just a few minutes.
Whether it be edibles, joints or something else, make sure to consume slowly if you are worried about getting anxious effects.
Use cannabis in a familiar, safe, and calming environment.
Many people like smoking weed at big parties, during outdoor adventures or at a concert. THC has a great ability to amplify and heighten the euphoric feelings. For some, being out of their element and under the influence is not a good mix. The unfamiliar environment is unstable and fear inducing, especially if your high is making you feel uneasy.
If you plan to smoke, do it in a safe space. If your roommates or family make you feel uneasy at points, maybe being outside the house is better for you. Pick a place that makes you feel happy, secure and in control. Sometimes when we are high, even the local convenience store feels like a haunted house. Don’t push yourself to interact with anyone unfamiliar, and remain in a safe environment. When your setting is dependable, the chances for anxiety are greatly lessened.
Avoid mixing with alcohol or stimulants.
If you have any alcohol in your system, even if it's just one beer, you might want to reconsider partaking until you’re more sober. Cannabis can interact unpredictably, and alcohol is also a substance that can amplify depression and anxiety. You also want to exercise caution based on the medication you are on. Cannabis can behave differently than we expect when it is paired with medications like Adderall, Xanax, or Prozac. To avoid anxiety and paranoia, its best to enjoy cannabis by itself.
Stay hydrated and eat beforehand.
If you are set on trying to smoke and remain calm, make sure to take care of yourself beforehand. An empty stomach and dehydration can contribute to the off putting effects that cannabis can induce, so eat a healthy meal and drink plenty of water so you stay ahead of it. This way you are grounded, clearminded and your body is completely taken care of. Doing this vital step will also help significantly if you are worried about Greening Out. Lack of sufficient vitamins is often a key factor for feelings of anxiety and nausea, so make sure to take care of your body before you smoke up.
Ideal Headspace
Everyone procrastinates, whether it be writing your final paper, turning in your sales report, or taking care of bills. Many people turn to cannabis when they are overwhelmed so they can relax, but it often bites back. You might overthink about the things you need to complete, and now you can’t do them because you’re high.
This is often used as a coping mechanism and is part of the “lazy stoner” preconception. Make sure you take care of all your bearings, whether that is sending an email or finishing a project that you’ve been putting off. That way, your set is clear and you can move forward without regret and inaction ruining your high.
Have a trusted friend around — social safety net.
Weed doesn’t have to be the only bud when it comes to lighting up. If you are an anxious person and tend to internalize your thoughts, inviting a friend over could really help you. Your trusted friend can serve as a social safety net.
This doesn’t always have to be a hangout sesh, some people are fine just sitting next to you and being in your presence. Find a friend who you can be yourself around unapologetically, not someone who might be judgemental or overly perceptive of your behavior. You’ll want to be forward if you want someone sober to accompany you or if you’re fine with your friend smoking with you so you’re on the same wavelength.
Awareness is the key. Before you consume a substance that has the ability to affect your perception, you need to make sure you have some control factors. The only thing we want you scared of at our Salem dispensary is witches, monsters and ghosts, not THC! Your comfort and desired experience always come first. We believe cannabis should be a tool for elevation, not intimidation, and we understand that everyone’s relationship with it is personal. It’s completely normal to feel hesitant, especially if you’ve had anxious or uncomfortable experiences in the past. You're not alone — many of our team members have been there too. That’s why we’re here to guide you with empathy, honesty, and no judgment. Whether you're easing back in or exploring for the first time, you’ll always be met with acceptance, understanding, and support.
FAQs: Too High to Handle (Anxiety & Cannabis)
Why can cannabis trigger anxiety or paranoia?
THC interacts with CB1 receptors in brain regions like the amygdala (our fear and stress center). For some people—especially at higher doses or with a predisposition to anxiety—this can heighten threat perception and spiral into worry or panic.
What is “greening out,” and how is it different from regular anxious feelings?
Greening out refers to overconsumption that leads to physical symptoms like dizziness, nausea, vomiting, sweating, and shaking—often alongside anxiety. It’s linked to THC’s effects on blood pressure, blood sugar, and balance (vestibular system).
Who’s most at risk for cannabis-induced anxiety?
First-time or infrequent users, people with a history of anxiety, trauma, or chronic stress, and anyone mixing cannabis with alcohol or other substances may be more susceptible. Set, setting, and dose all play a big role.
How can I reduce the chance of feeling paranoid?
Start low and go slow. Consider lower-THC or balanced THC:CBD products, or items with CBG. Check terpene profiles—many find calming terpenes (e.g., linalool, myrcene) more relaxing than energizing ones (e.g., limonene, pinene, terpinolene). Use in a comfortable, familiar space, hydrate, and eat beforehand.
I’m too high—what should I do right now?
Find a calm, safe spot, breathe slowly, sip water, and give it time. Having a trusted friend around can help you stay grounded. Avoid adding alcohol or stimulants. If discomfort persists or you feel unwell, seek appropriate medical help.